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Home > Faculty Publications > Faculty Articles > 522
Recommended Citation
Maureen A. Howard,Liar! Liar! Impeaching a Witness on Cross-Examination, June 2010 De Novo 9 (2010),https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/faculty-articles/522
Authors
Article Title
Publication Title
De Novo
Document Type
Article
Abstract
There are certain trial moments that can set an advocate's heart a-flutter. One is the opportunity to show the jury that an adverse witness is not to be trusted. Even better is the chance to expose the witness to be a bald-faced liar.
Welcome to the wonderful world of impeachment. Impeachment is the art of discrediting the witness on cross-examination. There are seven impeachment techniques:
• Bias, interest, and motive
• Contradictory facts
• Prior convictions — FRE 609
• Prior bad acts — FRE 608 (b)
• Prior inconsistent statements — FRE 613
• Bad character for truthfulness — FRE 608 (a)
• Treatises — FRE 803 (18)
Who Is The Liar Mac Os Download
Impeachment is mostly governed by common law and requires a good-faith belief on the part of the advocate. The challenging attorney is also required to raise impeachment on cross-examination, giving a witness a chance to explain before introducing any extrinsic evidence. Although FRE 607 permits an attorney to impeach her own witness, the better course is to either clarify the question, or, using some other non-confrontational technique, re-examine the witness's testimony.
Included in
Evidence Commons, Litigation Commons
COinSTo view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.
NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.
Contradiction: Spot the Liar! | |
---|---|
Developer(s) | Baggy Cat |
Publisher(s) | Baggy Cat |
Designer(s) | Tim Follin |
Composer(s) | Tim Follin |
Platform(s) | iOS, OS X, Windows |
Release | iOSOS X, Windows
|
Genre(s) | Adventure |
Mode(s) | Single-player |
Contradiction: Spot the Liar!, also known as Contradiction: The All-Video Murder Mystery Adventure or just Contradiction is an FMV game developed by video game music composer Tim Follin through Kickstartercrowdfunding with production company Baggy Cat and released through Apple Inc.'s iOSApp Store and Mac App Store on January 14, 2015 and Steam on July 10, 2015. The game follows the investigation of Detective Inspector Frederick Jenks into the apparent suicide of Kate Vine in the small village of Edenton.
Gameplay[edit]
The player controls a character called Detective Jenks and the main gameplay element of the game are the interviews or interrogations with various characters in the village of Edenton. The player has a list of subjects which the detective can ask the interviewees about and the other characters' answers are recorded and summarised as small snippets of information. Fantasmon 2 mac os. If the player spots that any of the characters have given seemingly contradictory information, the player must choose the two contradictory snippets, after which the detective confronts the lying character about the contradiction.
The player is also free to move about the village to search for additional clues which can be used as subjects when talking with the other characters. At some points, the player must use objects which Detective Jenks has found or been given at certain points in the village in order to advance the story, such as using a key found on the ground in order to unlock a lock. Sometimes when entering a certain area, an event will happen, such as unexpectedly encountering another person.
The game relies heavily on recorded video: All the questions asked by Detective Jenks and all the answers given by anyone he asks are live-action recordings. All the various scenes and events are also recordings.
The typical gameplay consists of talking to a person by choosing the subjects available to you and possibly unlocking new subjects for use with other characters. The player then moves on to another character or investigates the surroundings in order to find more subjects and clues and then interrogates the characters about the new-found subjects. The game progresses as characters slip up and tell a lie and are confronted with their lies. The story is then advanced when they are forced to give additional information to explain their contradiction, be it another lie or the truth.
Follin recommends the game be played with one person at the keyboard and a group of friends in the room, aiding the player.[1]
Story[edit]
Detective Inspector Frederick Jenks has been sent to the small village of Edenton to investigate the death of a young woman named Kate Vine. While Kate's initial cause of death, drowning, paints her death to be a suicide, there are several pieces of evidence that suggest there's more to Kate's end than meets the eye. Namely, Kate was found to have morphine in her system, and her driver's license was found taped to the ground in the woods. Kate had also been attending a controversial business course known as ATLAS prior to her death.
Jenks investigates the area's local residents: Emma Bowman, a friend of Kate; Emma's boyfriend Simon who knew Kate through ATLAS; conspiracy theorist James; ATLAS owner Paul Rand; Paul's son Ryan Rand; and Ryan's wife Rebecca. During his investigation into the area and interviews with the residents, Jenks pieces together details of the late Kate as he closes in on her killer, but he soon finds himself investigating a much larger plot as the secrets of the town are exposed.
Development[edit]
Follin had been planning the game 'on and off for a number of years' but started working on the game mechanic in late 2012.[2] The game was conceived as a demo in order to demonstrate whether the concept had legs to stand on. Even when the project began to take its shape, a lack of funding meant that elements of the story and gameplay had to be excised; Follin explained 'it's a cut down version of a longer story that I had in mind'.[3] Follin also scored and produced the game's soundtrack.
The game had a Kickstarter campaign running from January 4, 2014, to January 18, 2014, with a target of £3,000. Most of the money would be spent on actors, crew, equipment hire and location fees and the goal was to film all scenes on location. The Kickstarter gained £4,010.[4] A stretch goal was added in order to receive additional funds to hire professional actors; Follin acknowledged that the success of an FMV game would largely be based on the quality of acting.[5]
The game was shot on location in the village of Great Budworth in Cheshire and St Helens and Mawdesley in Lancashire, United Kingdom. The dialogue scenes took 11 days to shoot, and additional scenes were filmed throughout 2014. The cast includes Rupert Booth, Paul Darrow, John Guilor, and Magnus Sinding.
The game was released on January 14, 2015, for iPad on Apple AppStore and on July 10, 2015, for Windows PC and Mac OS X on Steam.
Critical reception[edit]
Polygon gave the game a positive review, saying: 'Developers like Follin have taken something that, let's be honest, never worked that well to begin with, out to the woodshed, dismantled it and reassembled its core components into something that really makes sense.'[6]148Apps implied that the game marked a step forward in adventure games at large, stating that 'murder mystery point and click adventures won't be the same'.[7]
PC Gamer found some issues with menus and navigation, while praising the 'overly cheesy' acting and the contradiction gaming mechanic, the latter of which they found rewarding.[8]RockPaperShotgun found it frustrating that some seemingly-legitimate contradictions weren't acknowledged by the game's logic.[9]AdventureGamers appreciated the slickness of the production and the in-depthness of the story, though found the conclusion underwhelming and a bit of a bait-and-switch.[10]Hardcore Gamer felt that despite the game's flaws, it was 'enthralling' and enjoyably campy.[11]
- < Previous
- Next >
Home > Faculty Publications > Faculty Articles > 522
Recommended Citation
Maureen A. Howard,Liar! Liar! Impeaching a Witness on Cross-Examination, June 2010 De Novo 9 (2010),https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/faculty-articles/522
Authors
Article Title
Publication Title
De Novo
Document Type
Article
Abstract
There are certain trial moments that can set an advocate's heart a-flutter. One is the opportunity to show the jury that an adverse witness is not to be trusted. Even better is the chance to expose the witness to be a bald-faced liar.
Welcome to the wonderful world of impeachment. Impeachment is the art of discrediting the witness on cross-examination. There are seven impeachment techniques:
• Bias, interest, and motive
• Contradictory facts
• Prior convictions — FRE 609
• Prior bad acts — FRE 608 (b)
• Prior inconsistent statements — FRE 613
• Bad character for truthfulness — FRE 608 (a)
• Treatises — FRE 803 (18)
Who Is The Liar Mac Os Download
Impeachment is mostly governed by common law and requires a good-faith belief on the part of the advocate. The challenging attorney is also required to raise impeachment on cross-examination, giving a witness a chance to explain before introducing any extrinsic evidence. Although FRE 607 permits an attorney to impeach her own witness, the better course is to either clarify the question, or, using some other non-confrontational technique, re-examine the witness's testimony.
Included in
Evidence Commons, Litigation Commons
COinSTo view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.
NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.
Contradiction: Spot the Liar! | |
---|---|
Developer(s) | Baggy Cat |
Publisher(s) | Baggy Cat |
Designer(s) | Tim Follin |
Composer(s) | Tim Follin |
Platform(s) | iOS, OS X, Windows |
Release | iOSOS X, Windows
|
Genre(s) | Adventure |
Mode(s) | Single-player |
Contradiction: Spot the Liar!, also known as Contradiction: The All-Video Murder Mystery Adventure or just Contradiction is an FMV game developed by video game music composer Tim Follin through Kickstartercrowdfunding with production company Baggy Cat and released through Apple Inc.'s iOSApp Store and Mac App Store on January 14, 2015 and Steam on July 10, 2015. The game follows the investigation of Detective Inspector Frederick Jenks into the apparent suicide of Kate Vine in the small village of Edenton.
Gameplay[edit]
The player controls a character called Detective Jenks and the main gameplay element of the game are the interviews or interrogations with various characters in the village of Edenton. The player has a list of subjects which the detective can ask the interviewees about and the other characters' answers are recorded and summarised as small snippets of information. Fantasmon 2 mac os. If the player spots that any of the characters have given seemingly contradictory information, the player must choose the two contradictory snippets, after which the detective confronts the lying character about the contradiction.
The player is also free to move about the village to search for additional clues which can be used as subjects when talking with the other characters. At some points, the player must use objects which Detective Jenks has found or been given at certain points in the village in order to advance the story, such as using a key found on the ground in order to unlock a lock. Sometimes when entering a certain area, an event will happen, such as unexpectedly encountering another person.
The game relies heavily on recorded video: All the questions asked by Detective Jenks and all the answers given by anyone he asks are live-action recordings. All the various scenes and events are also recordings.
The typical gameplay consists of talking to a person by choosing the subjects available to you and possibly unlocking new subjects for use with other characters. The player then moves on to another character or investigates the surroundings in order to find more subjects and clues and then interrogates the characters about the new-found subjects. The game progresses as characters slip up and tell a lie and are confronted with their lies. The story is then advanced when they are forced to give additional information to explain their contradiction, be it another lie or the truth.
Follin recommends the game be played with one person at the keyboard and a group of friends in the room, aiding the player.[1]
Story[edit]
Detective Inspector Frederick Jenks has been sent to the small village of Edenton to investigate the death of a young woman named Kate Vine. While Kate's initial cause of death, drowning, paints her death to be a suicide, there are several pieces of evidence that suggest there's more to Kate's end than meets the eye. Namely, Kate was found to have morphine in her system, and her driver's license was found taped to the ground in the woods. Kate had also been attending a controversial business course known as ATLAS prior to her death.
Jenks investigates the area's local residents: Emma Bowman, a friend of Kate; Emma's boyfriend Simon who knew Kate through ATLAS; conspiracy theorist James; ATLAS owner Paul Rand; Paul's son Ryan Rand; and Ryan's wife Rebecca. During his investigation into the area and interviews with the residents, Jenks pieces together details of the late Kate as he closes in on her killer, but he soon finds himself investigating a much larger plot as the secrets of the town are exposed.
Development[edit]
Follin had been planning the game 'on and off for a number of years' but started working on the game mechanic in late 2012.[2] The game was conceived as a demo in order to demonstrate whether the concept had legs to stand on. Even when the project began to take its shape, a lack of funding meant that elements of the story and gameplay had to be excised; Follin explained 'it's a cut down version of a longer story that I had in mind'.[3] Follin also scored and produced the game's soundtrack.
The game had a Kickstarter campaign running from January 4, 2014, to January 18, 2014, with a target of £3,000. Most of the money would be spent on actors, crew, equipment hire and location fees and the goal was to film all scenes on location. The Kickstarter gained £4,010.[4] A stretch goal was added in order to receive additional funds to hire professional actors; Follin acknowledged that the success of an FMV game would largely be based on the quality of acting.[5]
The game was shot on location in the village of Great Budworth in Cheshire and St Helens and Mawdesley in Lancashire, United Kingdom. The dialogue scenes took 11 days to shoot, and additional scenes were filmed throughout 2014. The cast includes Rupert Booth, Paul Darrow, John Guilor, and Magnus Sinding.
The game was released on January 14, 2015, for iPad on Apple AppStore and on July 10, 2015, for Windows PC and Mac OS X on Steam.
Critical reception[edit]
Polygon gave the game a positive review, saying: 'Developers like Follin have taken something that, let's be honest, never worked that well to begin with, out to the woodshed, dismantled it and reassembled its core components into something that really makes sense.'[6]148Apps implied that the game marked a step forward in adventure games at large, stating that 'murder mystery point and click adventures won't be the same'.[7]
PC Gamer found some issues with menus and navigation, while praising the 'overly cheesy' acting and the contradiction gaming mechanic, the latter of which they found rewarding.[8]RockPaperShotgun found it frustrating that some seemingly-legitimate contradictions weren't acknowledged by the game's logic.[9]AdventureGamers appreciated the slickness of the production and the in-depthness of the story, though found the conclusion underwhelming and a bit of a bait-and-switch.[10]Hardcore Gamer felt that despite the game's flaws, it was 'enthralling' and enjoyably campy.[11]
Possible sequel[edit]
While Follin would love to make a sequel, he has not-so-fond memories of the incredibly strenuous effort he put into making the first game. For a sequel to ever come to pass, he would need to amass a suitable budget and pay professionals to do all the tasks he had to learn himself. A potential evolution of the series would be by approaching Amazon TV, thereby turning it from a video game into an interactive TV show.[3] Due to a lack of funding, Follin was forced to invest thousands of pounds of his own money to finish his vision of the game; even then he had to cut many of his story threads. For this reason, according to him, a sequel depends on 'whether I make my investment back on this one first.'[12] Once the player finishes the game, there is a plea by the developers to contribute to the crowdfunding effort to make the sequel a reality.
Due to the ATLAS element of the game not having a satisfactory conclusion in Contradiction, Follin would like the sequel to draw to a close this story, before spending the rest of the game embarking on a brand new adventure with Inspector Jenks. A larger budget would see added physical interaction to the gameplay, a different location such as a coastal setting, and a night and day structure which would take place over a week rather than Contradiction's seven hours.[13]
References[edit]
- ^http://thesnarge.com/thesnargepodcast/2015/10/15/the-snarge-podcast-episode-2-tim-follin[permanent dead link]
- ^Follin, Tim. 'Contradiction - the 100% video murder mystery game'.
- ^ ab'Contradiction: Indie development can be murder'. GamesIndustry.biz.
- ^Follin, Tim. 'Contradiction'.
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^McElroy, Justin. 'Contradiction review: picking up the pieces'. Polygon.
- ^'Contradiction Review'.
- ^'Contradiction'. PC Gamer.
- ^'Contradiction review - Rock, Paper, Shotgun'.
- ^'Contradiction review - AdventureGamers.com'.
- ^'Contradiction is Kind of the Best Worst Video Game | Hardcore Gamer'. www.hardcoregamer.com. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
- ^French, Amanda. 'Contradiction: Tim Follin Interview - Cliqist'. Cliqist.
- ^'Tim Follin has sequel plans! Let's make this happen!'.
Who Is The Liar Mac Os 11
External links[edit]
- Interview at TheSnargePodcast[permanent dead link]